Effect of transfusion of washed red blood cells on serumpotassium level in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to compare washed red blood cell (WRBC) transfusion versus nonwashed RBC (NWRBC) transfusion in terms of posttransfusion potassium levels in dialysis patients on a day when the patient did not receive dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, i.e. those receiving WRBCs (n = 21) and those receiving NWRBCs (n = 17). Both groups received one unit of RBCs. Serum potassium and sodium levels were measured before and at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 6th hours after transfusion. RESULTS: In the WRBC group, the changes in the serum potassium levels at the 3rd, 4th, and 6th hours after transfusion were significant compared with pretransfusion levels. In the serum potassium levels mean decreases by 0.38 ± 0.57 mEq/L at the 3rd hour (P = 0.006), by 0.32 ± 0.47 mEq/L at the 4th hour (P = 0.005), and by 0.32 ± 0.51 mEq/L at the 6th hour (P = 0.009) after transfusion were significant compared with the pretransfusion levels. CONCLUSION: Although nonwashed RBC transfusion does not change serum potassium levels, washed RBC transfusion significantly reduces serum potassium levels. Washed RBC transfusion is considered to be safer in hemodialysis patients with hyperkalemia and anemia.

Comparison of the efficacy of entecavir and tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of entecavir and tenofovir in nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients after 48 weeks of therapy. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed our data of chronic hepatitis B patients. Nucleos(t)ide-naive patients who had received entecavir or tenofovir for at least 48 weeks were included. We compared entecavir and tenofovir after 48 weeks of therapy with respect to virological, biochemical, serological and histological responses. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, 24 received entecavir and 20 received tenofovir. Pretreatment characteristics of the patients were similar. After 48 weeks, serum HBV DNA levels decreased by 6.93±1.54log copy/ mL in the entecavir group and 6.89±1.22log copy/mL in the tenofovir group (p=0.65). A similar proportion of patients in entecavir and tenofovir groups achieved undetectable serum HBV DNA (87.5% vs. 95%, p=0.39) and serum ALT normalization (79.2% vs. 85%, p=0.62). The mean histological activity index score improved by 3.83±3.51 points in the entecavir group and 2.20±1.91 points in the tenofovir group (p=0.07), and the mean fibrosis scores improved by 0.38±1.61 points in the entecavir group and 0.70±1.17 points in the tenofovir group after 48 weeks (p=0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir and tenofovir are similarly effective in nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load and/or high fibrosis scores after 48 weeks of therapy.

Serum interleukin-6 measurement in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: Many attempts have been made to determine ways of decreasing the negative laparotomy rate after a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in the diagnosis of appendicitis, and in the prevention of non-therapeutic laparotomy in patients with right iliac fossa pain. METHODS: Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured at admission in 77 consecutive patients who were operated on for the treatment of acute appendicitis. The final diagnosis was established by histopathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IL-6 concentrations in the diagnosis of appendicitis were calculated. RESULTS: The negative laparotomy rate was 17% (13/77) in this series. The IL-6 level was elevated in seven of 13 patients (54%; false positive) with a normal appendix. The IL-6 level was normal in 10/64 patients (16%; false negative) with acute appendicitis. The IL-6 level was highly elevated in all patients with perforated appendicitis. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 84, 46, 78, and 89 and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Unacceptably high false negative and positive rates decrease the accuracy of the serum IL-6 test for appendicitis. Serum IL-6 measurement is not of benefit in increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis of appendicitis. Serum IL-6 results are not useful for preventing negative laparotomies in the majority of patients with right iliac fossa pain.